Principles of Medical Emergency Treatment

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Principles of Medical Emergency Treatment
 
Medical emergencies can happen to a person or group of people at the time and anywhere. This can be either a sudden attack of disease, accident or natural disaster. This situation requires immediate help that can be either first aid until the next relief well at the hospital. Such actions are intended to save lives and limit disability and prevent alleviate the suffering of patients.
    This situation requires knowledge and skills in addition to the good of the helper and adequate facilities, also needed a perfect organization.

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 

Critical Care Medicine, is one form of medical activity from the scene of an emergency management system starting from the scene to the hospital.
    First aid is usually given by people around the victim; of them will contact the nearest health worker or doctor. Not uncommon that members of police and firefighters involved in this. This aid should be given precisely the wrong treatment because it will result in death or disability. It becomes a fairness when against members of the police or fire department were given education and training about it.
    After first aid is given, then the patient is transported to a local hospital, as far as possible with a special transport, such as ambulances are equipped with equipment and health workers.
    During our drive to the hospital, patients continued to receive help and close supervision.
    In the hospital patients get good relief by doctors and health workers. Hospitals with intensive Handling Unit ( Intensive Care Unit ) is the end of the chain of control patients in the Critical Care Medicine.

ATTITUDE HELPER 

Because the people who responded to severe pain in critical condition, the doctor must race against time to save the lives of patients. In this situation do not act in panic but stay calm and deft.
    The things that must be considered against the victim:
    1. Breathing and heart rate.
         If the patient stops breathing, immediately doing CPR effectively doing mouth to mouth breathing, and in conjunction with this study whether there is cessation of heartbeat. If the heart stops beating, perform external cardiac massage.
    2. Bleeding
        Make efforts to stop the bleeding, especially bleeding from large blood vessels.
    3. Shock
        Watch for signs of shock and prevention.
    4. Prevent aspiration of vomit patients with patient position tilted to one side of the body.
    5. Do not rush to move the victim from his place before certain transportation facilities are adequate.
  Against people with fractures, first made dressings.

MEDICINE AND EQUIPMENT

Some of the equipment and medicine needed as a minimal first aid in the management of emergency medic is:
    Equipment
   1. Ordinary sanitary.
   2. Sterile gauze.
   3. Triangular bandage.
   4. Plaster.
   5. Cotton.
   6. Tourniquet.
   7. Syringes.
   8. Simple surgical tools.
   9. Tools infusion and transfusion.


Medication
1.    Antiseptic medicines.
       Drug-drug injection.
          adrenaline, 1 mg / ml
          aminophylline, 250 mg / 10 ml
          ampicillin, 250 mg and 500 mg
          atropine sulphate, 0.6 mg / ml
          chorpheniramine maleate, 10 mg / ml
          chlorpromazine, 50%, 2 ml
          dextrose 50%, 20 ml
          diazepam, 10 mg / 2 ml
          digoxin, 0.5 mg / 2 ml
          ergometrine, 0.5 mg / ml
          ethyinoradrenaline, 2 mg / ml
          forosemide, 20 mg / 2 ml
          hydrocortisone sodium succinate, 100 mg
          hyoscine N-butylbromide 20 mg / ml
          morphine sulfate, 15 mg / ml
          penicillin G, 1mega U (600 mg)
          pentazocine 45 mg / 1.5 ml and 60 mg / 2 ml
          pethidine HCl, 100 mg / 2 ml
          phenobarbitone sodium, 200 mg / ml
          phytomenadione 10 mg / ml
          salbitamol, 0.5 mg / ml
          trifulpromazine, 20 mg / ml
          aquadestilata

2. Oral Medications.          
          ampicillin, 250 mg and 500 mg          
          chlorpheniramine maleate, 4 mg          
          metronidazole, 200 mg           
          pencillin-VK, 250 mg           
          pentazocine, 50 mg           
          pethidine, 50 mg          
          terbutaline 0.5 mg / ml           
          tiemonium bromide, 50 mg
         
3. Drug-drug per infusion.
          Ringer lactate 
          Glucosa 5% 
          NaCl

   Other equipment in the room must have a minimum of medical emergencies include: oxygen tank with regulator and flowmeter and a simple suction device that can run on battery. For emergency room medical equipment facility that is more perfect is to be provided kinds of drugs and additional facilities as follows:

Drugs

AgNO3 20-30%
Trikloro acetic acid
aminophylline
isuprel
sedilanid
klonidin
mannitol 20%
urea 30%
30% glycerin in water
asetasolamid
2% acetic acid
ATS 1500 U
tulle. Savlon
sulfadiazine
antivenom polivalen
heparin
ether
hidroklorotiasid
serpasil
adona AC 17
ergometrin
sintosinon
magnesikus sulfas
pentotal
ketalar
difenhidramin

The drugs for infusion: 

liquid plasma expander 
2 A fluid
tutofuchsin 
aminofuchsin 
glycerin 
dextrose 5%

Tools

Water seal drainage
DC shock
intubator endotracheal
sparkplug Nelaton
catheter Fowley
EMO tools
obstetric surgical instrument
vacuum mattress
infant resuscitator
Electro convulsive Therapy
drain
litter
splint



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